The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), is a crucial part of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer. It performs all arithmetic and logical operations. Here’s a simple breakdown:

Arithmetic Operations: The ALU handles basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Logical Operations: It performs operations based on logic, such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR. These operations help in decision-making processes and comparisons.

Data Handling: It processes data by manipulating binary numbers, which are the fundamental form of data in computers.

When a program runs, the ALU executes the instructions that involve calculations and logical decisions, making it essential for the CPU's functioning.

A symbolic representation of an ALU and its input and output signals, indicated by arrows pointing into or out of the ALU, respectively. Each arrow represents one or more signals. Control signals enter from the left and status signals exit on the right; data flows from top to bottom.